Other Cancers

There are more than 100 different types of cancer, including breast cancer, cervical cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, etc. Symptoms and risk factors vary for the different types of cancer.  Apart from those cancers that are listed on our website, you can also learn more about the other cancer types by visiting the following links listed below:

• Bladder cancer
  

  The bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that lies in the area surrounded by the hipbones, an area called the pelvis. The bladder acts as a reservoir to collect urine from the kidneys. The muscles of the bladder assist in the passing of urine from the lower urinary passage (urethra). The cells lining the bladder can develop abnormally and result in bladder cancer.

  For more details on Bladder Cancer visit:
  https://www.nccs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/bladder-cancer/overview

• Brain cancer
  

  Brain cancers are generally named after the tissue which they originate from. Majority are glima arising from glial cells in the brain. These include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas and mixed cell type gliomas. The other forms of brain cancers are meningiomas, medulloblastomas, chordomas and central nervous system lymphomas.Brain cancers can be fast growing (high grade), such as glioblastoma multiforme or slow growing (low grade), such as pilocytic astrocytoma.

  For more details about Brain Cancer visit:
  https://www.nccs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/brain-cancer/overview

• Kidney cancer
  

  ​The two kidneys lie at the flanks of the body just behind the intestines, next to the spine. Kidneys form urine to clear some of the toxins produced by the body. The urine drains from the kidneys into ureters and then into the bladder. From the bladder, urine is passed out of the body. The cells that make up the kidney can become cancerous.

  For more details about Kidney Cancer visit: https://www.nccs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/kidney-cancer/overview

• Larynx cancer
  

  The larynx is the voice box. It is made up of the glottis, which is the vocal cords. The subglottis is the area below the vocal chords, and the supraglottis is the area above the vocal cords. Any of the cells lining the larynx can become cancerous.

  For more details about Larynx Cancer visit: https://www.nccs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/larynx-cancer/overview

• Lymphoma
  

  A special type of white blood cell, called lymphocyte, is important for your body's resistance to disease. These cells get exposed to various substances within the body in an attempt to build the immunity. They collect and filter the substances at the Lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are found anywhere in the body, particularly in the neck, armpits, groin, above the heart, around the big blood vessels inside the abdomen. Lymphocytes may also group together in the tonsils, spleen and thymus. Lymphoma is a type of cancer that develops in the lymphocytes in any of these areas.

  For more details about Lymphoma Cancer visit: https://www.nccs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/lymphoma/overview

• Oesophagus cancer
  

  The oesophagus is the tube that connects the mouth and throat to the stomach. In the chest, it lies behind the windpipe or trachea. Further down, it passes through an opening in the diaphragm, the muscle that lies between the lungs and the stomach. After passing through the diaphragm, the oesophagus joins the stomach. Where the oesophagus joins the stomach is a valve to prevent food from passing backward from the stomach to the oesophagus. The cells of the inner lining of the oesophagus can become cancers.

  For more details about Oesophagus Cancer visit:
  https://www.nccs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/oesophagus-cancer/overview 

• Peritoneal based Malignancies
  

  ​The peritoneum is a thin membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It covers the external surface of most of the abdominal organs. The peritoneum supports the abdominal organs and serves as a conduit for their blood, lymph vessels and nerves.

  For more details about Peritoneal based Malignancies visit: https://www.nccs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/peritoneal-based-malignancies

• Sarcoma
  

  Sarcomas are rare but aggressive tumours arise from a primitive tissue subtype known as mesoderm. It can thus affect a very wide variety of tissues and organs in the body across a wide range of age groups, from young children to the elderly. Sarcomas generally arise from soft tissue or bony sites on the body, giving rise to the broad division into soft tissue and bony sarcomas. More than 30 different subtypes of sarcomas have been described.

  For more details about Sarcoma visit:
  https://www.nccs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/sarcoma/overview 

• Skin cancer
  

  Our skin is made up of epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and other adnexa within the layers. Epidermis is a kind of squamous epithelium. In the epidermis, the actively dividing basal cells mature to become keratinocyes. Subsequently, the keratinocyes die and become keratin. Interspersed between the basal cells are pigment-producing cells called melanocyes. Skin cancers are malignant tumours of the basal cells, keratinocyes and melanocytes.

  For more details about Skin cancer visit:
  https://www.nccs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/skin-cancer/overview 

• Testicular cancer
  

  The testes comprise primitive cells that mature to become cells that make spermatozoa or sperm that are important in sexual reproduction. There are also supporting cells that make enzymes and other fluid that enable the sperm to function properly. These primitive cells may become cancerous. These tumours are called testicular germ cell cancers.

  For more details about Testicular Cancer visit:
  https://www.nccs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/testicular-cancer/overview 

• Pancreatic cancer
  

  The pancreas is an organ lying between the stomach, liver and intestine. It is made of 2 types of glands. One type of gland tissue produces insulin and other hormones. Cancers of the glands in the pancreas are uncommon cancers. They are called by various names, depending on the specific type of cancer cell or by the hormone produced by the cancer. Names include carcinoid tumour, islet cell carcinoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma, and so forth. These are not covered in this website because of rarity.

  The other type of gland tissue produces enzymes which help in digestion of food. These glands drain into ducts which in turn drain into the small intestine. It is the cells of the ducts which can turn into cancer. These are more common pancreas cancers, usually of the type called adenocarcinoma.

  For more details about Pancreatic Cancer visit:
  https://www.nccs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/pancreatic-cancer/overview